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（新春见闻）走近国家级非遗摆手舞：起舞“阳光照耀的山坡”******

　　中新社湖北来凤2月2日电 题：走近国家级非遗摆手舞：起舞“阳光照耀的山坡”

　　中新社记者 郭晓莹

　　“舍巴喔(摆手哟)！”农历正月初十，在湖北省来凤县百福司镇舍米湖村，有着300多年历史的摆手堂里，“鼓王”彭承金一声吆喝声，划破了土家山寨的宁静。

　　“恩祖勒玛(来哒)！”20多位村民高声应和，围着“普舍树”，踏着铿锵的鼓点跳起了摆手舞。

　　锣鼓声中，众人甩同边手，迈同边脚，躬腰屈膝，蹁跹进退。74岁的彭大丙老人是男性舞者中的佼佼者。他的舞姿干净利落，粗犷有力，质朴刚劲，有“龙行虎步”之风。

　　“别看我年纪大，只要锣鼓一响，我就要跳。”老人说，跳摆手舞就是要吃力(使劲)。

　　作为第一批国家级非物质文化遗产，摆手舞是流传于酉水流域土家族的一种祭祀舞蹈，以载歌载舞的形式讲述土家族的民族迁徙、狩猎征战及农事活动的故事，已传承千年之久。清朝土家族诗人彭施铎曾描写其场面：“福石城中锦作窝，土王宫畔水生波。红灯万盏人千叠，一片缠绵摆手歌。”

　　诗中的“福石城”就是来凤县百福司镇。“舍米湖”是土家语，意为“阳光照耀的山坡”。舍米湖村是原生态摆手舞的发源地，村里600余人，上至耄耋老人，下至垂髫孩童，皆会跳摆手舞。

　　“土家鼓王”彭承金是舍米湖原生态摆手舞第27代传人。作为国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目代表性传承人，彭承金数百次亮相各类舞台，传授摆手舞上千人次。

　　多年来，彭大丙、彭承金一直致力于保护、传承、弘扬摆手舞文化，展示摆手舞风采。他们和村民一起“摆”进了上海世博会、西安世园会，“摆”到了澳大利亚、新西兰等国家。

　　彭承金说，摆手舞带着土家族人从乡野走向了更广阔的舞台。

　　然而，随着村民越来越多地走出大山读书、务工，传承人群自然降低，摆手舞也一度面临后继乏人的危机。“摆手舞的传承应是开放、面向未来的姿态。”百福司镇镇长汤超说。

　　为保护传承摆手舞，来凤县设立了百福司镇文化生态保护区。该镇实施“土家族摆手舞”传承计划，组建了全民摆手舞教学队伍，推动摆手舞进机关、进学校、进企业、进景区、进社区、进农村，让饱含了土家族历史积淀的摆手舞，融入今天的生活现实。

　　年后，舍米湖村日渐恢复宁静。“哐咚咚、哐咚咚”的鼓声，却依旧在群山间回响。(完)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）