乡村博物馆“出圈记”:从“无人问津”到“人气爆棚”******
中新网湖州1月12日电(施紫楠 姚玲利)位于浙江省湖州市南浔区善琏镇车家兜村的农耕馆里,蓑衣、斗笠、耕犁、石磨、水车等老物件一字排开,重现昔日浙北农村生活场景。
“每一件藏品背后都是一段故事。木质理发箱里的工具是村里过世老理发师的女儿所捐,祖辈使用的龙骨水车是我叔叔捐的……”车家兜村党支部书记、村委会主任郁根荣打开了话匣。
2021年9月,浙江成为全国三个乡村博物馆建设试点省份之一,提出在“十四五”期间建设1000家乡村博物馆。次年,湖州被列入浙江唯一的全国乡村博物馆建设试点市。
此后,一座座带着泥土气息的乡村博物馆在湖州相继涌现,成为广袤乡间多姿多彩的人文风景。
“目前,湖州已有63家乡村博物馆上榜浙江省乡村博物馆名单,数量位列全省第二。”湖州市文化广电旅游局文物处副处长曾杰说,“十四五”期间,该市计划实现乡村博物馆在3A景区村庄、历史文化名村(镇)全覆盖。
乡村博物馆如何在湖州实现落地生根,又如何成为家门口的文化打卡地迅速“出圈”?“有特色、接地气、可推广”,成为关键之一。
2021年8月初,在湖州召开的乡村博物馆建设试点工作座谈会上,大家围绕“乡村博物馆需要有多少件展品”“乡村博物馆面积应该多大”等问题商量许久。
“此前,乡村博物馆在全国各地已有探索,但定义并不明确,也缺乏统一的建设标准和管理规范。”曾杰介绍,2021年12月,湖州终于厘清乡村博物馆建设宗旨、定义、标准和规范。
咫园盆景文化艺术博物馆(资料图) 湖州市文化广电旅游局 供图在此基础上,浙江省文物局完善形成《浙江省乡村博物馆建设指南(试行)》,乡村博物馆从此有了定义。
“乡村博物馆是乡愁的载体,湖州有一批村落便挖掘农耕文化资源,通过博物馆展示过去的珍贵岁月。”曾杰介绍,湖州2022年建成和顺利通过省、市验收的82家各类乡村博物馆,平均每馆藏品达384件,展现不同主题文化内容。
当建设乡村博物馆的热潮在湖州大地掀起,行业专家、各路乡贤、基层干部也纷纷出谋划策,乡村民众、企业家、收藏家争相参与办馆。
数据显示,在该市已启动建设的乡村博物馆中,企业和个人办馆数量占比达45%。
中国盆景艺术大师、咫园盆景文化艺术博物馆负责人徐昊将闲置农房改建成盆景博物馆,馆外有5000多个盆景,馆内收藏了500多件中国各个时代的古花盆、残片及复制品。
“中国是盆景的起源国,做博物馆是一种责任也是一种情怀。我想让更多的中外‘盆景人’深入、直观地了解中国盆景悠久的文化历史,传承发展盆景文化。”徐昊说。
一路探索,一路前行。在乡村博物馆的建设中,也有不少村落遇到与产业结合度不够高、缺乏特色活动、对游客吸引力不足等难题。
湖州市德清县新市古镇旅游开发有限公司游客中心副主任姚静,深刻感受到了乡村博物馆从所谓的“无人问津”到“人气爆棚”的转变。
德清赵孟頫管道昇艺术馆(资料图) 湖州市文化广电旅游局 供图聚焦文化资源,新市镇动起了如何利用名人故居吸引游客参观的脑筋。2022年4月,中国电工专家钟兆琳故居修缮工程启动,7月1日重新开放后,入口处的操作手摇发电机装置、内部的多处趣味性与互动性设置让人眼前一亮。
“修缮后的钟兆琳故居购票参观人数超过万余人,还成功开设了十几次研学班,算是‘火’了一把。”姚静说。
眼下,湖州正用一张张乡村博物馆建设成绩单,丰富村民文化生活,打造家门口的精神之地。
数据显示,试点前,该市仅拥有国有和非国有博物馆35家,每万人拥有在册博物馆数量0.09家;目前,该市已有各类经审批和认定的国有、非国有和乡村博物馆117家,每万人拥有博物馆数量达0.34家。(完)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。 资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。 因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。 日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。 Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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